Background: Plasmodium vivax is most widely distributed in the world, and to be considered absent from western Africa, where the prevalence of Duffy negative red blood cell phenotype proves to be high. 

Objectives: This study aimed at determines the prevalence of Plasmodium vivax among Sudanese and Ethiopians individuals in relation to hematological parameter effect. 

Methods: This was across-sectional descriptive study involving 1200 individual (600 Sudanese and 600 Ethiopians) form different age groups during the period June 2015 to February 2018.

Results: The prevalence of Plasmodium vivax among 1200 individuals, of whom 600 were Sudanese and 600 were Ethiopians subjected to screening by ICTs and blood films tests, showed that 100 (8.3%) gave positive results, out of them (2.08%) Sudanese whereas were (6.25%) became Ethiopians survived population were divided in to five age groups (5-15),(15-25),(25-35) and( more than 35 years). The positive case within each age groups showed (13.7%), (1.1%), (.71%) and (0.0%) respectively among Sudanese and (2.8%), (13.6%), (10%) and (27.3%) respectively among Ethiopians. The results showed the hematological effected among Sudanese groups, 96% were thrombocytopenia, 80% leucopenia and 88% anemia. Other parameter MCV(48%), MCH(60%), and MCHC(70%). Where were 70% thrombocytopenia, 40% leucopenia and 53% anemia, MCV (16%), MCH (26%) and MCHC (33%) among Ethiopian groups. 

Conclusion: The sero-prevalence of Plasmodium vivax is relatively low among Sudanese than Ethiopian. Thrombocytopenia, anemia and leucopenia is most frequency in Plasmodium vivax infection.