Abstract

General objective: To identify the main care in patients undergoing total or partial thyroidectomy to avoid complications associated with surgery. 

Methodology: Articles  were  searched  in  the  databases:  Pubmed,  CINAHL  y  Cochrane  Library Plus, with the free terms: laryngotracheal stenosis, tracheal stenosis, complications, surgery and care. Limited in Indian:  English or Spanish, +18 years and published in the last 10 years.

Results: Out of a total of 140 articles found, 30 met the inclusion criteria of the finally selected  topics. 17  that  dealt  with  the  stated  objective  and  that  were  added  to  a  2002 article  because  of  its  relevance.  Hyperthyroidism  affects  1-3%  of  the  general  population  and  is  usually  more  common  in  women.  There  are  different  treatment  optins  available depending  on  their  more or  less  invasive  individualization.  Surgery  offers  an  early remission of endocrine disorder and more stable than more conservative strategies and also an earlier detection of thyroid cancer. Hypocalcemia is the most frequent, symptomatic or asymptomatic, rebleeding with hematoma, laryngeal nerve injury, acute pain or infection as the most important. There is a series of care that favors the early detection of these and other things.

Conclusion: This  review  has  been  made  with  the  aim  of  knowing  more  about  the  most frequent  complications  after  a  thyroidectomy  and  establishing  the  basic  learning  needs that patients should know at discharge to take responsibility for their health. In addition, a series of recommendations has been made to patients at discharge to empower the patient to  be  responsible  for  their  health  and  to  recognize  early  complications,  know  and  take responsibility for medication, know how to heal the wound, etc.

Keywords

thyroidectomy surgery, complications, postoperative and intervention