Abstract

Industrialization is necessary for country’s economic growth. Increase in industrial development has elevated water consumption and is resulting in depletion of water resources. On the other hand, water pollution is a major issue. People have long been trying to find cost effective and reliable ways to treat wastewater and recycle or reusing the treated water has become a necessity. Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is an ideal situation of complete closed loop cycle, where discharge of any liquid effluent is eliminated; it is a remarkable effort of every industry who implements it to meet with the environmental regulation in a challenging way. However, it is facing some challenges for its implementation including its high costs and energy efficiency. Here in this review, we have presented various ZLD technologies which are feasible for different industrial sectors and some innovative technologies by which the precious water can be saved and recycled at source.

Keywords

Zero liquid discharge, Pharmaceuticals, Textiles, Fertilizers, ZLD technologies, Membrane bio-reactor technology, Agitated thin film dryer, Total dissolved solids, Biochemical oxygen demand, Freeze desalination, Booming megatrends, Freshwater resources, Water scarcity, Disposal norms, Wastewater