Abstract

The Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is increasing in incidence and prevalence worldwide, taking the shape of the pandemic proportions, which is expected to increase further over a couple of decades. In 2019, an estimated 9.3% of the population (463 million people), globally had DM. Projection of future DM burden may increase to 10.2% (578 million people) by 2030 and 10.9% (700 million people) by next 25 years 045). The decrease in immunity in diabetic patients has been a significant concern for physicians and patients alike. The role of mitochondria and it is cellular signaling can elaborate on this problem in depth. Mitochondria is a rich source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism for energy. They are targets of ROS and many different cellular signals like mitochondrial membrane apoptosis due to hyperglycemia and ROS. The interplay between oxidative stress and diabetes further activated, leading to increased permeability of mitochondrial membrane & apoptosis; this leads to a decrease in immunity in diabetic patients leading to increased mortality and morbidity. Hyperglycemia and ROS major pathways of apoptosis through mitochondrial activation in diabetic patients leading to decreased immunity. They can become drug targets for further intervention of this problem in Diabetic patients.

Keywords

mitochondria, oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus, apoptosis, ROS