Neuromodulation for functional restoration: recent advances and future perspectives
Abstract
This mini-review assessed recent studies of spinal cord stimulation and neuromuscular stimulation in spinal cord injury in order to provide an overview of recent advances in neuromodulation for functional restoration. Possible mechanisms of such motor recovery were analyzed, ways to improve neuromodulation for functional restoration were discussed, and future perspectives were outlined in this paper.
Keywords
neuromodulation, spinal electrical stimulation, deep brain stimulation, optogenetics, functional restoration