Abstract

In the 20th century, antibiotics were regarded as a “wonder drug,” but due to overuse, bacteria have become resistant to them, giving rise to highly resistant superbugs that can live in the presence of drugs intended to stop them from multiplying. There are several mechanisms behind antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic resistance can typically be acquired by drug-susceptible bacteria by genetic mutation or gene transfer, with horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Antibiotic resistance can be prevented by using them targeted in their least concentration. Making nano biomolecules could improve antimicrobial therapy’s effectiveness and address problems with current methods of infection control. Antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophage therapy, probiotic therapy, and the use of phytochemicals are all essential antibiotic alternatives that should be employed to limit antibiotic consumption. Implementing new regulations, reviving research projects, and pursuing crisis management strategies all require coordinated efforts.

Keywords

rising resistance, antibiotics, management strategies, drug resistance