Abstract

Immunotherapy has proven successful in inducing long-term remissions of hard-to-treat cancers. The early identified protein receptor on the surface of T-cells (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, CTL-4) and a molecule (programmed death 1, PD-1) led to astonishing tumor shrinkage and increased survival, particularly in metastatic melanoma. Thus, anti CTL-4 and anti PD-1 have opened up new vistas in tumor treatment. Beyond that, genetically modified patients’ T-cells and PD-1 molecules promise to be even more effective in specifically tailoring the treatment to the patient along the precepts of personalized medicine. This article essentially addresses the former case, or synthetic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy. Notwithstanding the successes achieved so far, CAR therapy may not benefit everyone and needs to be rendered more potent.

Keywords

Synthetic Immunotherapy, Chimeric Antigen Receptors, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, D-(dendritic) cells, MHC molecules, Immunotherapy, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Turbocharging schemes, Original D-cells, Synthetic D-cells, Cancer biology, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, Thermal ablation, Cytokine overproduction