Retinopathy of prematurity at CNHU-HKM in Cotonou, Benin
- Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care
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Bagnan Tossa L,1 Abouki CO,2 Tchiakpè N,3 Séidou H,1 Gandégnon M,1 Lalya HF1
Abstract
Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is one of the leading causes of preventable visual
impairment in children. It was first described by Terry in 1942 under the generic terms of
retrolental fibroplasia.
Objective: To determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of retinopathy in preterm newborns in the neonatology unit of CNHU-HKM.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study with descriptive and analytical aims, conducted from August 1, 2019 to January 9, 2020. All premature newborns admitted to the neonatology unit of CNHU-HKM in Cotonou during the study period were included. The data were analyzed using Epi info software. Proportions were compared using the chisquare statistical test and a value of p<0.05 was considered significant. Authorization from the head of department and the general director of the hospital was obtained.
Results: The frequency of retinopathy was 20.6% (13/63 premature newborns). The majority of retinal lesions observed were at stage 1 (68.4%) represented by a line of demarcation. All lesions were located in zone 3. Low gestational age (p=0.028), low birth weight (p=0.013), oxygen therapy (p=0.018), its duration (p=0.042), blood transfusion (p=0.019) and maternal-fetal infection (p=0.017) were the factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity.
Conclusion: It appears necessary to set up a systematic screening program in all neonatology units to better assess the extent of this pathology.
Objective: To determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of retinopathy in preterm newborns in the neonatology unit of CNHU-HKM.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study with descriptive and analytical aims, conducted from August 1, 2019 to January 9, 2020. All premature newborns admitted to the neonatology unit of CNHU-HKM in Cotonou during the study period were included. The data were analyzed using Epi info software. Proportions were compared using the chisquare statistical test and a value of p<0.05 was considered significant. Authorization from the head of department and the general director of the hospital was obtained.
Results: The frequency of retinopathy was 20.6% (13/63 premature newborns). The majority of retinal lesions observed were at stage 1 (68.4%) represented by a line of demarcation. All lesions were located in zone 3. Low gestational age (p=0.028), low birth weight (p=0.013), oxygen therapy (p=0.018), its duration (p=0.042), blood transfusion (p=0.019) and maternal-fetal infection (p=0.017) were the factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity.
Conclusion: It appears necessary to set up a systematic screening program in all neonatology units to better assess the extent of this pathology.
Keywords
retinopathy of prematurity, visual impairment, associated factors, systematic screening
