Abstract

This study focused on Al-Rashidun Caliphs who had ruled the Islamic nations after the death of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. It has been called Rashidun Caliphate because it followed Prophet Muhammad’s approach. AlRashidun Caliphs were characterized by good conduct, wisdom, and good thinkers, which allowed them to face difficulties and be fine representatives of the Islamic nation by developing laws and methods that set people’s life everywhere and every time which give them stability and security. This study included a research plan, introduction, and Prophet Mohammad’s views on ruling power after his death, and then the delegation of Omar Ibn Al Khattab by Abu Bakr Al Sadiq, and the death of Othman Bin Affan and finally the research presents the Islamic opinions about Ali Bin Abi Talib the fourth caliph as a ruler. First: The Messenger’s (Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him) position on the issue of governance after him a) Considering the narrations and jurisprudential opinions about what the Messenger did, whether he recommended or did not recommend b) The Saqifa meeting, the conflict between the Muhajireen and the Ansar, the position of Ali and his companions, the end of the deliberations, and the private pledge of allegiance.c) Banu Hashim’s position on choosing Abu Bakr Second: Abu Bakr’s succession to Omar bin Al-Khattab a) The circumstances that helped Abu Bakr choose Omar bin Al-Khattab as the caliph of the Muslims b) The position of the Companions on Abu Bakr’s appointment of Omar bin Al-Khattab c) The circumstances that led Omar to make the Shura decision and the ideas that came to Omar’s mind.Third: Highlights on the killing of Othman bin Affan a) Circumstances of Othman’s killing Fourth: Ali bin Abi Talib, the fourth Rightly Guided Caliph a) The various opinions and narrations of Imam Ali’s accession and the position of the Companions and the people of Egypt regarding pledging allegiance to him b) The Battle of the Camel, the Battle of Siffin, Al-Nahrawan, and the Kharijites. c) The Messenger of God ( Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him) died without recommending the leadership of the nation to anyone, leaving behind him the basic principles represented in the Qur’an and Sunnah, and the experience of the Islamic nation. The crisis faced by the Islamic nation revolved around three main points: the personality of the new president, his duties and powers, and his qualities. However, the idea of authority itself was the reason for the launch of the apostasy movement, which emerged as resistance from the tribal trend to the Islamic trend and resistance to central state authority.

Keywords

Prophet’s death, Al saqifah meeting, Omar Ibn Al khattab ruling, Othman’s death, Ali Bin Abi talib