Treatment of nutcracker syndrome: a mini review
- Hospice & Palliative Medicine International Journal
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Esaú Nefthaly Torres Cisneros
Abstract
Nutcracker syndrome is a rare condition caused by the compression of the left renal vein
by the superior mesenteric artery and aorta. Diagnosis is challenging due to symptom
variability, with hematuria being the most common symptom. Imaging techniques such as
ultrasound, tomography, resonance imaging, or venography are required for confirmation.
Treatment remains controversial, with options ranging from non-surgical management to
open surgery and endovascular interventions, each with its own indications, advantages,
and disadvantages. This article presents a mini-review of the current therapeutic options for
treating this rare syndrome.
Keywords
nutcracker syndrome, left renal vein, superior mesenteric artery, aorta, hematuria, pelvic pain, endovascular, open surgery
