Abstract

Introduction: This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the role of PIWIinteracting RNAs (piRNAs) in leukemia and lymphoma, emphasizing their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Leukemia and lymphoma represent significant challenges in oncology, warranting exploration of novel biomarkers beyond conventional methods. piRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs, exhibit dysregulated expression in tumor tissues and biological fluids, suggesting their utility in disease diagnosis and targeted therapy. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies explored piRNA expression, diagnostic efficacy in leukemia and lymphoma tissues, and therapeutic implications. Included studies spanned from 2000 to 2024 and underwent rigorous quality assessment. Results: Initially identifying 26 papers, the review included 5 studies meeting inclusion criteria. These studies identified specific piRNAs, such as piR-32877 and piR-30473, with significant diagnostic potential in leukemia and lymphoma (AUC = 0.78). Insights from extracellular vesicle-derived piRNAs, like piR-36225, suggested promising applications for disease monitoring (AUC = 0.69). Conclusions: piRNAs emerge as promising biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis and therapeutic targets in leukemia and lymphoma. Future research should validate these findings across diverse populations and elucidate underlying mechanisms to advance clinical utility.

Keywords

PIWI-interacting RNAs, piRNAs, leukemia, lymphoma, biomarkers, therapeutic targets