Assessment of nephrotoxicity and nepatotoxicity in HIV-positive subjects on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Nsukka Senatorial Zone, Nigeria
- Journal of Human Virology & Retrovirology
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Jacintha Ijeoma Ossai,1
Okpanachi Nuhu
Oyibo,1
Anne Okonta,2
Christian Isioma
Okonta,1
Ejike Success Nkwachi,3
Michael
Unekwuojo Attah,4
Evurani Somtochukwu
Amuche,4
Oladosu Micheal Abimbola,5
Moses Adondua Abah,6 Aham Christopher,7
Daniel Temiloluwa Oyedemi,8
Elvis Obi
Besong,9
Christian Chuwang Musa,10 Biola
Rasheedat Adebayo,11 Anthony Olalekan
Akande,12 Etus Patrick Chimuanya,13 Sunday
Kaura14
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Abstract
Nigeria is reportedly rated second in global HIV prevalence. 9.3 million, nearly a quarter of HIV patients globally, are regarded as naïve seropositive HIV carriers because they are presently not receiving treatments due to a lack of awareness, religious beliefs or other sociopolitical factors. Consequently, a person dies from AIDS-related causes every minute. The study aimed at investigating the effects of antiretroviral therapy on the integrity of the liver and kidney of seropositive subjects in Nsukka Senatorial Zone, Enugu State, Nigeria was studied. A total of Three hundred (300) seropositive subjects were divided into 5 groups dependent on the duration of antiretroviral (ARV) drug consumption and fifty (50) seronegative subjects which served as negative control were used for the study. The liver function parameters studied were total bilirubin concentration, activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), concentrations, total serum protein, albumin, and globulin. The kidney function parameters evaluated included sodium, potassium chloride, urea, and creatinine concentrations. The results showed significant increase in the total bilirubin concentration, ALT, and AST activities of HIV seropositive subjects on ARV drugs when compared with the control (p<0.05), while ALP activity did not differ significantly. Additionally, the total serum protein and albumin concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) lower and serum potassium, urea, and creatinine of HIV seropositive on ARV drugs were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher when compared with the control The research found that the proportion of liver and kidney dysfunction increased with the duration of ART use. Specifically, 10-25% of subjects on ART for over four years exhibited kidney dysfunction, while 10-45% showed liver damage. These findings highlight the importance of early ART after test and regular monitoring to mitigate the risks of ART-related hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Keywords
hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV seropositive.
