Abstract

The rise of drug-resistant infections poses a significant global health threat, undermining decades of medical progress. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to withstand the effects of drugs designed to kill them, rendering treatments ineffective. This phenomenon is primarily driven by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human medicine, agriculture, and animal husbandry. Poor infection control, inadequate sanitation, and limited access to new antibiotics further exacerbate the crisis. Drug-resistant infections complicate routine medical procedures, such as surgeries, chemotherapy, and organ transplants, increasing the risk of complications and mortality. Pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are among the most concerning. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that without urgent action, AMR could cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050, surpassing cancer-related fatalities. Combating drug-resistant infections requires a multifaceted approach, including the development of new antibiotics, alternative therapies, and improved diagnostics. Strengthening global surveillance, promoting responsible antibiotic use, and enhancing infection prevention strategies are essential to mitigating the crisis. Public awareness and policy interventions, such as antibiotic stewardship programs and investment in research, are crucial in slowing resistance. Without immediate and coordinated action, drug-resistant infections will continue to threaten public health, economic stability, and the future of modern medicine.

Keywords

drug resistance, antibiotic, control and prevention, infection, rational usage