Objective: To describe the baseline characteristics of patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO), both clinical and OCT biomarkers using AI and compare them at one-year follow-up. 

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out on diabetic patients with a new diagnosis of DME and naive to treatment who consecutively attended our center over a period of two years. These patients were followed up during the year following their inclusion. 

Results: The study included 72 patients diagnosed with DME. No significant differences were found in age, visual acuity (VA) and glycosylated hemoglobin between sexes, except for dyslipidemia, which was more prevalent in men. At one year follow-up, there was a significant reduction in intraretinal fluid (IRF), but not in subretinal fluid (SRF) or pigment epithelial detachment (PED). In addition, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) and geographic atrophy (GA). 

Conclusion: The study highlights a significant reduction of intraretinal fluid in patients with DME after one year of follow-up, but also an increase in the prevalence of epiretinal membrane and geographic atrophy. These results emphasize the importance of using advanced tools such as OCT with AI for better assessment and prognosis of DME in real clinical practice.