Diagnostic value of angiogenic growth factors in combined pregnancy complications: preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction syndrome
- Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal
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Abduganieva Dilzuz F,1 Urinbaeva Nilufar A,1 Djabbarova Yulduz K,1 Musakhozhaeva Diloram A2
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Abstract
Purpose: to assess the diagnostic significance of angiogenic growth factors in predicting early and late phenotypes of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and in cases of its combination with severe preeclampsia (PE).
Materials and methods: The study included 70 pregnant women, of whom 50 had FGR, including 21 with concurrent FGR and PE. Serum levels of angiogenic growth factors (PlGF, VEGF-A, IGF-1) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: In early-onset FGR (n = 20), PlGF levels were reduced by 35.2% (p < 0.01), while in late-onset FGR (n = 30), the decrease was 21.0% compared to the control group (n = 20, p < 0.05). VEGF-A expression was significantly reduced by 2.6-fold in early-onset FGR (p < 0.01) and by 1.9-fold in late-onset FGR (p < 0.05). A similar trend was observed for IGF-1 levels.In cases of early-onset FGR combined with severe PE, all three angiogenic markers were significantly lower than in cases of late-onset FGR with PE: PlGF by 1.7-fold, VEGF-A by 1.5-fold, and IGF-1 by 1.6-fold (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: A significant decrease in angiogenic growth factor levels was observed in pregnant women with FGR, most pronounced in early-onset cases and especially when combined with severe early PE. Deficiency of PlGF, VEGF-A, and IGF-1 production appears to be a pathognomonic marker of PE and FGR development.
Materials and methods: The study included 70 pregnant women, of whom 50 had FGR, including 21 with concurrent FGR and PE. Serum levels of angiogenic growth factors (PlGF, VEGF-A, IGF-1) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: In early-onset FGR (n = 20), PlGF levels were reduced by 35.2% (p < 0.01), while in late-onset FGR (n = 30), the decrease was 21.0% compared to the control group (n = 20, p < 0.05). VEGF-A expression was significantly reduced by 2.6-fold in early-onset FGR (p < 0.01) and by 1.9-fold in late-onset FGR (p < 0.05). A similar trend was observed for IGF-1 levels.In cases of early-onset FGR combined with severe PE, all three angiogenic markers were significantly lower than in cases of late-onset FGR with PE: PlGF by 1.7-fold, VEGF-A by 1.5-fold, and IGF-1 by 1.6-fold (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: A significant decrease in angiogenic growth factor levels was observed in pregnant women with FGR, most pronounced in early-onset cases and especially when combined with severe early PE. Deficiency of PlGF, VEGF-A, and IGF-1 production appears to be a pathognomonic marker of PE and FGR development.
Keywords
angiogenic growth factors, pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia
