Abstract

Periodontal disease is a pervasive, chronic inflammatory condition affecting nearly half of the global adult population, and is strongly associated with systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Comprised of the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone, healthy periodontal tissue collectively maintains tooth stability and function. Diseased periodontal tissue is typically characterized by progressive inflammation and irreversible destruction of these crucial supporting structures. Often resulting from periodontitis, damaged tissue ultimately leads to tooth mobility and eventual tooth loss. Despite advances in conventional treatments including scaling and root planing, antimicrobials, and various surgical interventions, true anatomical and functional regeneration of lost periodontal tissues remains elusive. This review explores current clinical interventions and the rapidly evolving landscape of tissue-engineered therapies, specifically aimed at periodontal regeneration. Emerging regenerative strategies seek to orchestrate the restoration of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone through incorporation of advanced biomimetic scaffolds, potent growth factors, and promising stem cells. These sophisticated approaches are supported by a rapidly growing market for regenerative products, with key innovations stemming from biologics, autologous stem cell therapies, and cutting-edge digital technologies, such as 3D bio printing. Despite the presence of significant translational barriers, recent advances in biomaterials science, personalized medicine, and minimally invasive techniques collectively suggest a highly promising future for achieving functional periodontal restoration. Periodontics is poised to fundamentally transform from a paradigm of mere disease management to one of comprehensive tissue engineering and true regeneration.

Keywords

periodontal disease, periodontitis, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, dental biomaterials, guided tissue regeneration, market analysis