Abstract

Postoperative pain is one of the most common complications following dental extractions, particularly in cases involving impacted lower third molars. Traditional pharmacological approaches, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics, are often associated with adverse effects and increased bacterial resistance. In this context, photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a promising and non-invasive therapeutic alternative due to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. This literature review aimed to critically evaluate the effectiveness of PBM in the management of post-extraction pain, based on clinical trials and systematic reviews published between 2020 and 2025. Sixteen studies were included, presenting varied protocols regarding wavelength, application time, number of sessions, and delivery method of the laser. f the sixteen studies, twelve reported significant clinical benefits in reducing pain, edema, and trismus, as well as improvements in healing and patient comfort. Three studies found no statistically significant differences between irradiated and control groups, although subjective improvements were reported, and one study is still ongoing. When applied within the first 48 hours and using optimized parameters, PBM showed outcomes that were superior or comparable to pharmacological therapies, with a lower risk of adverse effects. Despite the promising findings, methodological heterogeneity among the studies highlights the need for standardized protocols and further cost-effectiveness analyses. PBM stands out as a safe, effective, and evidence-based adjunctive therapy in oral surgery, particularly for the postoperative management of third molar extractions.

Keywords

tooth extraction, low-level light therapy, pain prostoperative, molar third, laser therapy, surgery oral, oral surgical procedures