Abstract

Environmental stress, particularly heat exposure, is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor, especially in vulnerable populations. This study sought to explore the molecular mechanisms by which heat stress affects vascular health in young individuals, with particular attention paid to those exposed to adverse socioeconomic, occupational, and environmental conditions. Our analysis included experimental and epidemiological studies that highlight how repeated or prolonged exposure to high temperatures triggers a cascade of physiological responses, such as oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling pathways. We also present epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA (miRNA) regulation, which contribute to long-term changes in gene expression relevant to blood pressure control. The methylation patterns of genes like IGF2 and PPARα, which are linked to endothelial dysfunction and cardio metabolic programming, as well as the modification of miR-126, are some of the primary mechanisms discussed. We further underscore the importance of acknowledging heat stress as a pertinent public health and occupational issue, especially in nations with notable socioeconomic inequality. Developing early intervention and cardiovascular disease prevention techniques for at-risk children and young people can be aided by an understanding of the molecular processes underlying heat- induced vascular alterations. Our findings emphasize how crucial it is to incorporate social and environmental factors into frameworks for assessing cardiovascular risk.

Keywords

heat stress, epigenetics, hypertension, youth, heat therapy