Abstract

Clinical studies utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine have shown that while it is 100% safe to transplant autologous MSCS, the efficacy for restoring neuronal tissue or pancreatic islet tissue has been abysmal. It is inconceivable that a cell that is destined to only form fat, cartilage, and bone, would be chosen for restoring cell types from other lineages, such as ectodermal germ layer lineage nervous tissue and endodermal germ layer lineage pancreatic tissue that are outside the MSCs mesodermal germ layer lineage. One wonders if there is an understanding of normal development for the derivation of these cell types. Included is a lineage map of unidirectional embryonic development from the zygote to differentiated cell types for those attempting to treat individuals in the realm of regenerative medicine.  

Keywords

regenerative medicine, stem cells, lineage stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells