Abstract

The evolution of electrical power systems towards higher flexibility, renewable integration, and demand-side participation necessitates advanced control and optimization techniques. This review synthesizes recent progress in hierarchical load control strategies for peak regulation, stochastic unit commitment considering energy-consuming loads, group control of thermostatically controlled loads, and non-intrusive load identification methods. Emphasizing hierarchical coordination, stochastic modeling, and data-driven load recognition, these methodologies aim to improve system stability, operational efficiency, and customer engagement with minimal intrusion. Collectively, these strategies support a transition towards smarter, more resilient, and customer-centric power grids.

Keywords

Load management, demand response, unit commitment, thermostatically controlled loads, load identification, hierarchical control, stochastic optimization