Abstract

Objective: to identify the factors associated with acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients 48 hours after admission to the Campus Teaching Hospital in Lomé (Togo).
Methods: this was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collection over a 12-month period from January 2024 to December 2024. A Poisson regression model was implemented to identify factors associated with the occurrence of acute kidney injury (p < 0.20), taking into account interactions between variables with a stricter significance threshold of p < 0.05 for multivariate analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using R© statistical software version 4.4.2.
Results: during our study period, we identified 214 patients with cirrhosis, of whom 127 (59.3%) met our inclusion criteria. Forty-eight hours after hospitalization, 29 patients (22.8%) had acute kidney injury. Of the 29 patients with acute kidney injury forty-eight hours after hospitalization, 9 patients (31%) had normal absolute serum creatinine level The factors associated with acute kidney injury in our study were gastrointestinal bleeding (IRR: 2.8; 95% CI: [1.2-6.3]; p = 0.018), hepatic encephalopathy (IRR: 3.5; 95% CI: [1.4-9.0]; p = 0.008), and spontaneous ascites infection (IRR: 4.2; 95% CI: [1.1-12.7]; p =0.018).
Conclusion: acute kidney injury is common in cirrhotic patients and is a factor associated with poor prognosis. Systematic monitoring of renal function 48 hours after hospitalization is an effective means of early detection of this complication, allowing for timely management.

Keywords

cirrhosis, acute kidney injury, 48 hours after admission, Togo