This study is a comprehensive review examining the effects of human factors on aviation accidents, particularly on pilot behavior and decision-making processes. Despite being a sector with a high level of automation and technological reliability, aviation continues to have the human element as the weakest link in the system. The study addresses the impact of the human factor on flight safety in terms of its cognitive, psychological, physiological, and organizational dimensions. It reveals that pilot errors stem not only from individual inadequacies but also from multifaceted factors such as training, communication, workload, fatigue, stress, and organizational pressure. The analyses emphasized that human errors are not the primary cause of accidents but rather a consequence of weaknesses within the system. Furthermore, it was determined that training, fatigue management, communication, and decision-making processes that support human performance need to be improved for the sustainability of flight safety. The study concluded that proper management of the human factor not only prevents accidents but also contributes to the formation of a long-term safety culture. This review integrates the existing literature, provides a human factor-focused perspective, and offers a methodological and conceptual framework for future research.