Abstract

Selective mutism is an anxiety disorder characterized by a persistent inability to communicate verbally in specific social situations, despite preserved speech in other contexts. Frequently diagnosed in early childhood, this condition may be confused with communication difficulties observed in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly in children with intact or high cognitive functioning. The increasing prevalence of ASD diagnoses, combined with the high incidence of anxiety disorders in this population, underscores the importance of understanding the intersections, distinctions, and selfreinforcing mechanisms linking selective mutism and autism. This narrative literature review aims to analyze contemporary evidence regarding the relationship between these conditions, addressing neurobiological, cognitive, sensory, and psychosocial dimensions, as well as clinical implications for diagnostic assessment and therapeutic management.

Keywords

selective mutism, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders, social anxiety, communication disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders