This article analyzes the transition of pesticide regulation in Brazil, comparing the historical framework of Law No. 7,802/1989 with the recent Law No. 14,785/2023. While the previous legislation focused on intrinsic hazards and ecosystem safety, the new regulatory environment prioritizes expository risk analysis and agricultural competitiveness. The study discusses the implications of these changes, highlighting the 30% increase in registrations in 2025 and the potential risks to human health and the environment in a market driven by immediate profit.