Abstract

Contemporary societies are marked by profound transformations driven by digitalization, neoliberal governance, and the reconfiguration of social inequalities. In this context, Sociology of Education offers robust theoretical and analytical tools to understand how educational systems both reproduce and challenge social structures. This article aims to review the contributions of Sociology of Education to key contemporary themes, including educational inequalities, digital platformization, neoliberal rationality, and the crisis of democratic institutions. Based on a qualitative bibliographic review, the analysis articulates classical and contemporary theoretical frameworks – especially those of Pierre Bourdieu, Basil Bernstein, and critical sociologists of digital education – to identify how inequalities are reconfigured, how subjectivities are shaped, and how digital infrastructures transform educational governance. The study argues that Sociology of Education remains essential for critically interpreting the intersections between education, power, and social change in the 21st century.

Keywords

sociology of education, inequality, neoliberalism, digital education, platformization