Methods: This study was executed as a narrative literature review designed to synthesize and evaluate the current research on Computer Vision Syndrome among digital device users. We did a thorough search of the literature using electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate. We found studies that were published between 2016 and 2024 that were relevant by using keywords like “Computer Vision Syndrome,” “digital eye strain,” “screen time,” “visual fatigue,” and “smartphone use and eye strain.” Boolean operators (AND, OR) were used to make the search more precise. The inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed articles published in English that concentrated on CVS among digital device users, including students, office workers, and smartphone users. Studies published prior to 2016, non-research articles, and studies deficient in methodological specifics were excluded. We systematically gathered and combined data from a number of studies to find patterns related to prevalence, symptoms, risk factors, and ways to avoid them.

Results: The results of this review show that Computer Vision Syndrome is very common among people who use digital devices all over the world. About 50–90% of people have at least one symptom of digital eye strain. The prevalence fluctuates based on factors including age, occupation, duration of screen exposure, and ergonomic practices. Students and office workers are two groups that are most affected by using digital devices for a long time and all the time. Eye strain, blurred vision, dryness, burning sensation, redness, double vision, and light sensitivity are some of the most common eye problems that people report. Headaches, neck pain, shoulder pain, and back pain are some of the most common extraocular symptoms. They are often linked to bad posture and poor workstation ergonomics. Some of the main risk factors are spending too much time in front of a screen (more than four to six hours a day), not blinking enough, not being able to see clearly, glare from the screen, bad lighting, and not fixing refractive errors. The COVID-19 pandemic made people spend even more time in front of screens, which led to a noticeable rise in CVS symptoms in both students and professionals. CVS has also been shown to affect how well you can accommodate, the stability of your tear film, your productivity, and your overall quality of life.

Conclusion: Computer Vision Syndrome is becoming a bigger and bigger problem in the digital age because people are spending more time in front of screens and their lifestyles are changing. The condition is very common and can make it hard to see, work, and do everyday things. But there are simple and effective ways to avoid CVS, such as following the 20-20-20 rule, using good ergonomic practices, making sure the lighting is right, getting regular eye exams, and using artificial tears when needed. To lessen the effects of CVS, it is important to raise awareness about healthy digital habits. More research is needed to find out more about the long-term effects of using digital devices for a long time and to come up with more specific ways to stop and treat these effects.